Legal Knowledge Representation in the Domain of Private International Law

This paper presents the development of a Prolog rule-based system in the domain of Private International Law. After having identified the legal and technical requirements for the representation, methodological choices and issues encountered during the development are discussed. Then, an example of the functioning of the system is presented. Finally, results are discussed

Argumentation and Defeasible Reasoning in the Law

Different formalisms for defeasible reasoning have been used to represent knowledge and reason in the legal field. In this work, we provide an overview of the following logic-based approaches to defeasible reasoning: defeasible logic, Answer Set Programming, ABA+, ASPIC+, and DeLP. We compare features of these approaches under three perspectives: the logical model (knowledge representation), the method (computational mechanisms), and the technology (available software resources). On top of that, two real examples in the legal domain are designed and implemented in ASPIC+ to showcase the benefit of an argumentation approach in real-world domains. The CrossJustice and Interlex projects are taken as a testbed, and experiments are conducted with the Arg2P technology

Logic Representation of legal norms

Artificial Intelligence and algorithms are fundamentally transforming most aspects of human activities, starting with decision- making paradigms. The criminal matter does not escape this phenomenon; actually, these technologies are a constant feature of current debates on the development of criminal justice policies. Until now, however, this trend has been especially evident with regard to the deployment of investigative tools that aim at supporting the work of law enforcement in crime prevention and repression. AI can already be used today as a support to better understand complex legal bases, overcoming factors such as multilingualism and divergent legal cultures that negatively a!fect the capacity of defence lawyers to understand the conceptual framework that lies beneath legal notions and textual provisions of other legal systems, even within the EU. This is to say, some forms of AI technology can help the legal operator, first of all the defendant and her defence counsel, to see through the layers of the textual expression and linguistic versions of the legal provisions, getting to the core of the legal notions. This may be obtained, as previously illustrated, by a computable approach to law, which exploits AI as a way to translate legal knowledge and reasoning in a symbolic representation that computers can understand and apply

Pervasive Computational Law

Computational law has its limits—whether these come from the very nature of the law itself or from technical limitations. By reviewing these limits, two conclusions become clear: That interdisciplinary solutions are a must, and that only a subset of law should be turned into automatically processable regulation

Toward single pilot operations: A conceptual framework to manage in-flight incapacitation

A major challenge for the implementation of Single Pilot Operations (SPO) in commercial aviation is how to deal with the potential risk of in-flight pilot incapacitation. In this paper, a conceptual framework is presented aiming at supporting flight and landing of a single-piloted aircraft in case the single pilot on board becomes incapacitated during the flight, specifically focusing on the ground side of the Air Traffic Management (ATM) framework. This concept considers the interaction of a ground- based pilot operating through a remote cockpit position with onboard automation and air traffic controllers. A description of the foreseen operational processes and procedures allowing the transition from single-piloted aircraft to Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) is provided, together with an analysis of their technical, legal, and regulatory implications